Table 2.2.
Ratios of Positive and Negative Thoughts for Functional and Dysfunctional Groups
Across Seven Independent Studies
(reported in Schwartz, 1986).


Focus of Study
Cognitive Assessment
Functional M
Positive      Negative     Ratio
Dysfunctional M
Positive    Negative    Ratio
Assertiveness 
1.  High vs. low Inventory/ASST[a] 
57.0
33.0
1.7:1
48.0
51.0
1:1.1
2.  High vs. low Inventory/ASST
59.0
35.0
1.7:1
48.0
51.0
1:1.1
3.  High vs. low Inventory/ASST-R[b]
41.8
35.8
1.8:1
38.0
33.2
1.1:1
Social Anxiety
4.   High vs. low
          Sample 2: Females & males combines		 Inventory/SISST[c]
54.9
33.0
1.7:1
42.7
47.3
1:1.1
5.   High vs. low socially anxious Production/thought stening[d] 
1.6
1.2
1.3:1
1.5
2.0
1:1.3
Test Anxiety
6.  High vs. low test anxious Production/talking aloud
67.3
32.0
2.1
45.0
61.3
1:1.4
Self-esteem
7.  High vs. low self-esteem Production/though sampling
2.4
1.5
1.6:1
2.3
2.0
1.2:1
mean ratio
1.70:1
  
1:1.14
  

[a]Assertiveness Self-Statement Test.
[b]ASST-Revised generalizes to a broader range of assertive situations.
[c]Social Interaction Self-Statement Test.
[d]Scores averaged across high and low anonymity conditions.

Document information
Referring document:  http://www.stipes.com/aichap2.htm
Home page: http://www.stipes.com
Reprinted with permission from: Appreciative Inquiry: An Emerging Direction for Organization Development, David L. Cooperrider, Peter F. Sorensen, Jr., Therese F. Yaeger, and Diana Whitney, editors.
Champaign IL:  Stipes Publishing L.L.C., 2001.  Copyright 2001 by Stipes Publishing L.L.C.
Posted: 9/20/01